How to avoid unpaid invoices (before having to chase them up)
Unpaid invoices rarely appear out of nowhere. There are almost always warning signs beforehand.
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Brazil receives GDPR adequacy status: what this means for companies transferring data
At the beginning of 2026, the European Commission adopted a decision which may seem purely technical but which actually has very practical implications for many businesses: Brazil…
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Key issues to consider when selling your professional practice or law firm
Year after year, professional advisory firms and law firms in Spain are sold or merged into larger firms that are concentrating market share and which, moreover, have teams …
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Can You Erase the Past Online? Understanding the Right to Be Forgotten
In today’s digital world, our personal data circulates everywhere; through forms, newsletters, social media platforms, online shops… Yet few people realise that, under theGeneral…
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The Shareholder’s Right of Withdrawal due to Non-Payment of Dividends in Spain
You're a shareholder in a Spanish company. The company has been making profits for years, but the shareholders’ meeting never agrees to distribute dividends. Instead of receiving…
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Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEPD) Notification: How to Respond
Receiving a notification from the Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEPD) can understandably cause concern. The Agency is the authority responsible for ensuring compliance with data…
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8 Key Facts to Know Before Starting or Buying a Business in Spain
If you’re planning to start a business in Spain or acquire an existing company, there are some essential points you should be aware of to avoid unpleasant surprises. From share…
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Who's who in a Limited Liability Company: Partners, directors and other key roles
If you’re considering forming a Limited Liability Company (Sociedad Limitada (SL)) in Spain, you’ve probably already heard about the role of partners/shareholders (socios) and the
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Mandatory Whistleblowing Channels: Are You Prepared for A.A.I. Oversight?
On the 1st of September 2025, Spain’s Independent Authority for Whistleblower Protection (in Spanish, the Autoridad Independiente de Protección del Informante, or "A.A.I.") …
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Limited Liability Company (Sociedad Limitada) or Public Limited Company (Sociedad Anónima): Which one is right for you?
If you’re planning to start a business in Spain, one of the first major decisions will be choosing its legal structure. And this is where a common question arises: should you form…
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Why you shouldn't set up your Limited Company with only €1 of share capital
Following the reform of the Spanish Companies Act (Ley de Sociedades de Capital) by Law 18/2022, the traditional minimum share capital requirement of €3,000 to set up a Limited…
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A spam call is a warning sign
Have you ever received four or five calls from unknown numbers in one day? More and more often, people tell me that they just don’t pick up the phone to numbers that they don’t…
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Complying with the GDPR: It’s About More Than Just Uploading a Privacy Policy to Your Website
You might already have a privacy policy published on your website and that’s a great start. But if you think that alone means you’re GDPR-compliant… I hate to break it to you, but…
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Practical Guide to the Commercial Registry: Obligations, Formalities and Benefits
Imagine that you just founded a company together with other partners and you need to open a bank account in the name of the company. The bank asks you for the deed of…
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Stop Advertising List 2025: Key Rules for Marketing Legally
I imagine that most of us have at least once saved a number in our phone with the name "Spam" or blocked the number altogether to tackle the onslaught of calls from people trying…
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Can biometrics be used for clocking in?
Does your company use fingerprints or facial recognition of your employees in order to register the moment they begin and end their working day? Or pehaps you have considered…
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Legal Obligations of Companies in Spain: Sustainability and Environmental Protection
In Spain, companies are required to comply with various sustainability and environmental protection regulations which derive from both national and EU legislation. These…
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Lessons from 23andMe: How to Protect Your Business from Personal Data Breaches
The controversial 23andMe case offers a valuable lesson on the importance of privacy and data protection regulations, especially in the European Union.
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New traveller data register in Spain: Everything you need to know
Have you heard of Royal Decree 933/2021? If your business entails accommodation or car rental, this article is especially for you. On the 2nd of December 2024 this new legislation…
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Everything you need to know about Benefit and Common Interest Companies (SBICs) in Spain
In recent years, the concept of corporate social responsibility has evolved. Nowadays, many companies are concerned not only with making a profit, but also with having a positive…
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Complete Guide to the New European Artificial Intelligence Regulation
Artificial intelligence (AI) is on everyone's minds. Just this week, Donald Trump ruffled feathers by re-posting pictures which appeared to falsely imply that he had Taylor…
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How to legally include data in a Debtors List
Debtors Lists (Ficheros de Morosos) arguably play an important role in reducing unpaid debts by providing motivation for debtors to pay and by providing a means for companies to…
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How the data protection officer works in Spain
In certain situations it's necessary for a company to hire a Data Protection Officer (DPO) to support them with their fulfillment of their data protection responsibilities. Both…
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The NIS 2 Directive: Cybersecurity obligations in the European Union
ENISA, the European Union Agency for Cybersecurity, noted a significant increase in the quantity and variety of cyberattacks and their consequences in the latter part of 2022 and…
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Accept cookies or pay: Is this legal?
Earlier this year, I was looking for information on a well-known Spanish news website. I clicked to enter the website and I was greeted with a cookie banner that gave me two…
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Legal Characteristics of Catalan Cooperatives
What is a cooperative? The International Cooperative Alliance (ICA) defines a cooperative as "an autonomous association of persons united voluntarily to meet their common…
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Corporate consultancy for company minutes books in Spain
What is the company minutes book? In the Spanish business environment, company minutes books (libros de actas) document and record the most important decisions and agreements…
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Would you sell a copy of your iris for cryptocurrency?
It might seem like a quote from a science-fiction movie, but sometimes facts are stranger than fiction.
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Shareholders' agreements in Spain: content, function and legal effect
Shareholders' agreements (‘pactos de socios’/’pactos parasociales’ in Spanish) are an increasingly popular feature of the formation and operation of companies, as they set out the…
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Legal and financial obligations of companies in Spain
Commercial companies in Spain are subject to a number of obligations that they must comply with in order to operate in a legal and transparent manner. These obligations vary…
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